Mari kita lihat perbandingan antara beberapa sistem perubatan yang utama di dunia...
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A Comparative Evaluation of Features of
The Three Great Traditional Healing
Systems with Western Medicine
The Three Great Traditional Healing
Systems with Western Medicine
Unani (Ibnu Sina) | Ayurveda | Chinese | Western | |
| Place & Date of Origin | Persia; circa 980 AD. | India; circa 2000 BC. | China; circa 2700 BC. | Europe; United States; late 19th century. |
| Dynamic Elements | Ruh (soul; spirit). | Prana (energy). | Chi (life energy). | Immune system. |
| Diseases Correlate with | Humoural imbalance. | Tridoshas. | Yin-Yang; Chi. | Named pathology. |
| Basic Cause of Disease | Imbalance of humoral temperament; Long continued errors of regimen. | Ama the very death or "harbinger of misery"; the cause of disease. | Systemic imbalances; no overriding emphasis on one. | Bacteria; virus. |
| Basis of Diagnosis | Humoural: Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile; Black Bile. | Tridosha: Vata, Kapha, Pitta. | Four Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine. | Based on patient's history, physical examination, laboratory testing. |
| Diagnostic Models | Restore balance to humours, organ systems. | Concept of shiva-shakti; balance in terms of three using the tridosha or three humour system. | Achieve balance of yin-passive and yang-active physiological function. | Specifically named pathology. |
| Chief Diagnostic Modality | Differential; mizaj or temperament assessed for each of four humours. | Differential; states of consciousness aligned with each of the three humours. | Differential, questioning, observation, palpation and listening; Zang Fu organ syndromes. | Differential; named disease. |
| Diagnostic Tests | Observation, lifestyle, pulse, urine, feces, abdominal and palpation. | Tongue, pulse, urine, abdominal and palpation. | Tongue, pulse, abdominal and palpation. | Urinalysis, X-rays, and standard blood tests; sampling organ tissues, injecting radiopaque dyes, diagnostic X-rays; pneumoencephalography; angiography. Note: In the US as a whole, about 8.5 billion laboratory diagnostic tests were done in 1996. |
| Pulse Diagnosis | Reveals humoral imbalance in organ system. Taken with three finger at radial pulse of wrist. More than 1,000 potential factors evaluated in seconds. | Correlates pulse to the tridosha or three humours. Taken by the index finger of the physician; qualities of pulse are described in terms of several animals, snake or leech, frog, sparrow, crow, swan, cock or peacock. | Direct manifestation of the circulatory energy of the body; classical five phase pulse correspondences. Taken on the wrist; about 40% reliable as a sole diagnostic method by most TCM practitioners. | Speed: fast pulse - slow pulse. |
| Elements of Nature | Four: Fire, Air, Water and Earth. | Five: Fire, Earth, Water, Air and Ether. | Five: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water and Wood. | 22 Basic elements of chemistry. |
| Main Dietary Influences | Non-alcoholic; regular fasting; non-pork. | Vegetarian. | None. | High sugar; alcohol, fats; drugs. |
| Will & Participation of Patient | Empower patient to make changes in diet & lifestyle. | High objectivity. | Personal determination. | Not significant. |
| Deity of System | Monotheistic; Abrahamic God of Islam, Christianity, Judaism. | Polytheistic; Hinduism. | Atheistic; Confucianism; Taoism; Bhuddism | Monotheistic; Abrahamic God of Islam, Christianity, Judaism. |
| Primary Treatment Modalities | Diet; herbs; fasting; cupping; purgation; baths; attars. | Panj Karma (detoxi-fication); herbs; diet; emetic therapies. | Acupuncture, herbs; cupping; moxibustion; diet. | Chemo-therapy; pharma-ceutical drugs; surgery. |
| Primary Treatment Objective | Mizan-restore to balance; Provoke "The Healing Crisis." | Clear the entire GI tract; regulate the bowels; improve digestion. | Tonification. | Symptom suppression; kill germs & bacteria. |
| Instruments Used | Glass cups. | Glass cups. | Glass cups, acupuncture needles. | Opthalmo-scope, laryngo-scope, and X-ray; moma-nometer, electrocardio-gram; Chemical tests of body fluids and tissues. |
| Side Effects | Overdose of herbal substances; rare. | Overdose of herbal substances; rare. | Potential for acute symptoms from improper needle techniques; overdose of herbal substances; rare. | 100,000 die annually from improper medications; severe and frequent drug reactions. |
| Population Cancer Rates | WHO Rate out of 93 Countries: 6th lowest. | WHO Rate out of 93 Countries: 6th lowest. | WHO Rate out of 93 Countries: 30th lowest. | WHO Rate out of 93 Countries: 93rd lowest (worst of all). |
| Annual Per Capita Health Care Expenses | $9.45Source: World Bank | $9.45 Source: World Bank | $3.96Source: World Bank | $1,301.00Source: World Bank |
| Common Medicines Used | Senna pods, black seed, cumin, ginger. | Amla; guggula; Bibhitaki; triphala. | Ginseng, codonopsis, dang quai, astragalus. | Antibiotics, antidepressants, corticosteroid. |
| Chief Complaints | Non-regulation of practitioners; lack of clinics. | Non-regulation of practitioners; lack of clinics. | Obtuse language. | Adverse reactions; patient dissatisfaction; skyrocketing medical costs. |
| Direction of Development | Training practitioners in powers of observation; Building schools; Sources for Formulations | Training practitioners; Building schools; Develop formulations | Integration with Western hospital medicine | Higher costs; more complex diagnostics; genetic medicine |
| Typical Cost of Treatment in US$ | $15-200 | $150-200 | $45-300 | $200-4,000 |
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